I was in an attic the other day which highlighted through the deficiencies found the importance of specific design elements of these spaces. 
The first photo shows roof trusses and rafters. The left side is framed with rafters supported by a beam and purlins. The purlins are installed under every third rafter. As you can see when the addition was added they did not support the end of the beam. The trusses are seen in the right half of the photo.
From the exterior large dimples could be seen where the sheathing was failing due to poor support and lack of adequate ventilation.
The next photo demonstrates the signs of inadequate attic ventilation. Rusted roofing nails and blackened wood. Over time this attic had been so over heated that the plywood had been cooked. It was crunchy and weak almost through out the space.
An odd thing about this roof was that it appeared that the plywood had been glued to the rafters. When probing the sheathing I noticed that it was lifting off the rafters! The glue was likely deteriorated by age and the extreme heat and any nails that were holding it down must have rusted out from the excessive moisture.
This attic very clearly demonstrates the need for adequate structural framing and the importance of good ventilation.
James Quarello
JRV Home Inspection Services, LLC

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