Esko Kiuru - Las Vegas NV Mortgage Consultant

Southern Nevada - with communities of Henderson, Anthem, Summerlin, Green Valley, Silverado Ranch and Mountains Edge - is in the very eye of the tornado when it comes to real estate markets sucked into its furious spin. Home loan foreclosures here are now as commonly talked about as the weather. Many homeowners have given up on trying to hang on to their properties while some are tenaciously seeking solutions to stay on. The latter have several avenues to explore, either directly through their mortgage lenders or then with assistance from a legal counsel.

Now they have a new weapon to deploy. It's called the retro appraisal.

It simply is an appraisal that is based on a past date. It could be three years ago, or five years ago. Normally appraisals are done for the present to be part of a mortgage application, vouching for the collateral's value.

Lawyers representing Las Vegas homeowners in mortgage foreclosure cases, foreclosure mediations and home loan modifications can now rely on these retro appraisals. The basic argument is that lenders were approving loans back in the day using inflated appraisals, largely ignoring any risk management protocols they may have had in place. As the infamous bubble was gathering steam the goal generally was to close mortgage loans as soon as possible for maximum profit and then sell them off to investors. The housing market was piping hot and everybody wanted to make the most of it.

A rather high number, put at 70%, of appraisals for mortgages were plenty overstated between 2005 and 2007, says Retro Appraisals, a firm that has created the back-looking valuation method. "The historical revised real estate appraisal is extremely helpful to a borrower or his or her counsel when seeking to modify a mortgage, defend against a foreclosure or take part in a court-ordered mediation," explains the company's co-founder.

This instrument can be truly effective in the more severely affected housing markets like Las Vegas and much of Arizona, California and Florida. The bubble really galloped out of control in them, artificially pushing up prices that then in many cases became the official appraisals for mortgages. If employed properly, it can be a useful bargaining tool.

Mortgage lenders and servicers have generally been going at a snail's pace, or slower, in modifying homeowners' loans. Many applications to do so have been actually declined for a variety of reasons. Some borrowers have just plain given up on the process due to all the hoops they have to jump through and still not get anything meaningful done. And all the well-meaning government programs introduced so far have produced at best mixed results.

A major mortgage provider, Wells Fargo, is doing something different now. It is taking the lead in home loan mods by taking in the so called Pick-A-Pay mortgages, an option ARM product it inherited with the recent Wachovia purchase, from distressed borrowers and replacing them with interest-only paper with due dates possibly as far down the road as 6 to 10 years.

The plan also includes the much sought-after mortgage principal reduction that every home owner who is underwater can appreciate. According to Wells Fargo its modifications to date have resulted in about $2 billion worth of balance cutbacks, averaging roughly $46,000 per loan. From what it looks like is that the bank is offering to reduce the underwater portion by about half. Let's say a home has a loan balance of $400,000 and is now worth only $200,000, Wells Fargo would propose a new interest-only mortgage amount at $300,000.

Las Vegas valley - including Summerlin, Henderson, Southern Highlands, Anthem, Mountains Edge and Green Valley - home owners who are currently on Wells Fargo mortgages could benefit from this. It's predictable that it is mainly targeting the most-ravaged real estate markets where being underwater is very common. Las Vegas certainly qualifies here. This could also inspire other mortgage lenders to come up with similar modification programs.

People are increasingly walking strategically away from their home loans which has obviously influenced Wells Fargo's decision makers. It clearly makes decent sense to give up half of the negative equity than the whole thing when a foreclosure sale is the other option. Every home owner isn't going to buy into this plan because it can still leave them on the hook for years to come. Most-affected Las Vegas residents, for instance, are likely looking at years in double digits before their home values recover to match their mortgage balances, provided the economy here gets back on its feet soon.

The healing of the housing market, in Las Vegas and nationwide, will come. Although it could be painfully slow. Wells Fargo is evidently betting that it is doing that within ten years and it could be right. Everyone would be happy to hoist a cold pint for that.

The real estate market has been cruel, to be perfectly honest, to homeowners across the country. Housing values in many cities and regions have dropped so far and fast that it's sometimes hard to keep track of it all. Much less understand how the utter devastation is possible. But that is the cold reality every homeowner is faced with today.

Southern Nevada - with communities like Las Vegas, Summerlin, Henderson, Southern Highlands, Anthem, Green Valley and Mountains Edge - has absorbed some of the most severe blows of them all to its real estate prices. In the same boat are at least Arizona, California and Florida. Industry observers are talking about values often dipping below replacement cost. With that type of erosion comes another grim problem; dragging scores of mortgage borrowers underwater on their homes.

Many Las Vegas homeowners are increasingly thinking of walking away from the obligation. The more they are upside down, or underwater, the more likely it is that they'll do just that. It's hard to consider moral responsibility that much any more when in-the-red numbers are typed in six figures.

What's noteworthy is that the well-off are now more liable to execute a strategic walkaway from a mortgage than others. Experian, the credit firm, and Oliver Wyman, a management consulting shop, have conducted a study on this and it proves the intriguing trend. The reasons of course are many, although the availability of money is not one of them.

Perhaps some of these mortgage borrowers feel that Wall Street operators are largely responsible for the real estate fiasco and their own current troubles and this is payback time. Wall Street banks and investment firms created the subprime home loan products, packaged a multitude of loans into complicated mortgage-backed securities for sale to investors and colluded with bond rating agencies to hype the bonds' potential. Many of them are now surviving on taxpayer largesse, but are still reluctant to help homeowners in distress.

Also, these people probably have the confidence in their ability to recover in a reasonable time frame from any damage to their credit. They often have a decent knowledge base of how credit works. They are fairly secure in their employment even in this down economy and in case a job loss is inevitable have predictably put away a sizable safety fund to draw from for months.

That well-to-do homeowners are more apt to pull off a strategic mortgage default is in some ways unsurprising. In pure monetary terms they usually are underwater the most, like when a $1.2 mil mini mansion in Las Vegas loses 50% of its value, that's $600Ks. That's a bundle.

Mortgage loans that were labeled subprime just a few years ago were partly responsible for the notorious real estate bubble. When it burst and let all the air out, the subprime product quickly disappeared from the bloodied scene. Many housing observers warmed up their fingers over keyboards and wrote all these tearful obituaries, believing it would be gone for good. But guess what? It's now back.

This much-criticized mortgage segment has adopted a new backer, however. Subprime used to be pretty much exclusively conventional lenders' territory, until the recent thermonuclear event. With their exit a new player emerged to fill the void, Ginnie Mae, a wholly-owned government corporation created within HUD. Ginnie Mae is another adorable name in the mortgage arena, besides Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Ginnie Mae operates a little differently from its above-mentioned and better-known sister agencies. It guarantees investors timely payment of interest and principal on MBS, or mortgage-backed securities, supported by federally insured loans, meaning FHA, and federally guaranteed loans, in this case VA. The majority of its guarantees go to these two organizations. Ginnie Mae is not in the business of buying or selling loans or issuing MBS.

According to the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, FHA mortgage lending has skyrocketed in the last several months, achieved with the Ginnie Mae's guarantees. In 2006 subprime paper accounted for about 20% of all home loans. Then its market share plunged to near zero and now it is climbing back up again. San Francisco Fed asserts that today mortgage borrowers nationwide with FICO scores under 660 command slightly over 20% of the market. In short, it's back to where it was only three years ago. That raises some eyebrows. And rightfully so.

FHA has flirted with trouble lately as mortgage loan losses are mounting. Sinking property values have a lot to do with this, as are the lenient underwriting guidelines FHA uses, in other words subprime lending, and the generally weak economy. As of right now it looks as if it doesn't need a government bailout, feared by many. If home prices stabilize soon across the board, it'll be safe.

Las Vegas valley - including communities of Mountains Edge, Summerlin, Anthem, Henderson, Southern Highlands, Green Valley and North Las Vegas - has benefited greatly from FHA mortgages. Especially first-time home buyers have been using them and the nice tax credit to provide demand in an otherwise sluggish market. Without FHA the light at the end of the tunnel for Southern Nevada housing market would be just a tiny speck

Housing prices have been in a free fall in most sectors of the nation for a long while, much longer than any real estate expert had predicted. When mortgage financing is hard to come by and supply far outpaces demand that's usually what will follow. The weak economy is also a major contributor to this. Lately, though, prices have begun to stabilize across the colorful map.

Southern Nevada - Las Vegas, Henderson, Green Valley, Summerlin, Southern Highlands, Pahrump, Mountains Edge and Mesquite among its communities - is a good example of that. The lower end of the marketplace is rather busy here as investors and first-time home buyers do their thing and pick up bargain properties. The statistics are somewhat slanted because of the proportionally high impact of this particular segment. The mid-range and upper end in Las Vegas are still quite soft due to lack of demand, as expected, and difficulties in securing home loan approvals.

In a housing study Goldman Sachs just published it says that home prices have been nationally steered higher by 5% on average on account of government incentives and interventions.The number can be debated until mouths foam, but the fact right now is that Washington is largely making the housing market what it is. Mortgage money is kept affordable by the Fed buying just about everything that has a mortgage bond stamp on it. Then there are all these home loan modification and rescue plans, with eye-catching acronyms, that most consumers are liable to lose track of. But regardless, they at least slow down the supply of homes being foreclosed and dropped on the already saturated marketplace. The first-time home buyer tax credit has given a nice boost to the demand side. And by the way, it looks as if a similar program will come out of Congress in a little bit to replace it.

Las Vegas metropolitan area - as are many other markets throughout - is still grappling with many challenges in the mortgage and real estate arenas. It would be in much worse shape, though, without Uncle Sam's charity and efforts. Eventually it has to stand on its own again, and it will. It's already taking some wobbly steps using crutches toward that goal, but obviously needs more time to fully recover.

Photo by RyanGWU82