Homes with a Private Water Well Claremont New Hampshire Part One, private water wells, if your family is getting drinking water from a private well, do you really know if your water is safe to drink from?
What health risks could you and your family face?
Where can you go for help or advice?
The EPA regulates public water systems; it does not have
the authority though to regulate private drinking water wells. Approximately 15 percent of Americans rely on their own private drinking water supplies, and these supplies are not subject to EPA standards, although some state and local governments do set rules to protect users of these wells.
Unlike publicdrinking water systems serving many people, they do not have experts regularly checking the waters source and its quality before it is sent to the tap. Those households must take special precautions to ensure the protection and maintenance of their drinking water supplies.
Homes with a Private Water Well Claremont New Hampshire Part One, basic water well information, there are three types of private drinking water wells: Dug, Driven, and Drilled. Proper well construction and continued maintenance are keys to the safety of your water supply. Your State water-well contractor licensing agency, local health department, or local water system professional can provide information on well construction. The well should be located so rainwater flows away from it. Rainwater can pick up harmful bacteria and chemicals on the lands surface. If this water pools near your well, it can seep into it, potentially causing health problems. Water-well drillers and pump-well installers are listed in your local phone directory. The contractor should be bonded and insured.
In order to keep your Water Well safe, you need to be sure possible sources of contamination are not close by. Experts suggest the following distances as a minimum for protection farther is better:
- Livestock yards, Silos, Septic Leach Fields, 50 feet
- Petroleum Tanks, Liquid-Tight Manure Storage and Fertilizer Storage and Handling, 100 feet
Many homeowners tend to forget the value of good maintenance until problems reach crisis levels. That can be expensive. It’s better to maintain your well, find problems early, and correct them to protect your wells performance. Keep up-to-date records of well installation and repairs plus pumping and water tests. Such records can help spot changes and possible problems with your water system. If you have problems, ask a local expert to check your well construction and maintenance records. He or she can see if your system is okay or needs work.
Homes with a Private Water Well Clarmont New Hampshire Part One, protect your own well area. Be careful about storage and disposal of household and lawn care chemicals and wastes. Good farmers and gardeners minimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Take steps to reduce erosion and prevent surface water runoff. Regularly check underground storage tanks that hold home heating oil, diesel, or gasoline. Make sure your well is protected from the wastes of livestock, pets, and wildlife.
Dug Water Wells are holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. Historically, a dug well was excavated below the groundwater table until incoming water exceeded the diggers bailing rate. The well was then
lined (cased) with stones, brick, tile, or other material to prevent collapse. It was covered with a cap of wood, stone, or concrete. Since it is so difficult to dig beneath the ground water table, dug wells are not very deep. Typically, they are only 10 to 30 feet deep. Being so shallow, dug wells have the highest risk of becoming contaminated. To minimize the likelihood of contamination, your dug well should have certain features. These features help to prevent contaminants from traveling along the outside of the casing or through the casing and into the well.
Dug Water Well Construction Features
- The well should be cased with a watertight material (for example,
tongue-and-groove precast concrete) and a cement grout or bentoniteclay sealant poured along the outside of the casing to the top of the well.
- The well should be covered by a concrete curb and cap that stands
about a foot above the ground.
- The land surface around the well should be mounded so that surface water runs away from the well and is not allowed to pond around the outside of the wellhead.
- Ideally, the pump for your well should be inside your home or in a
separate pump house, rather than in a pit next to the well.
Homes with a Private Water Well Clarmont New Hampshire Part One, land activities around a dug well can also contaminate it. While dug wells have been used as a household water supply source for many years, most are relics of older homes, dug before drilling equipment was readily available or when drilling was considered too expensive. If you have a dug well on your property and are using it for drinking water, check to make sure it is properly covered and sealed. Another problem relating to the shallowness of a dug well is that it may go dry during a drought when the ground water table drops.
Driven Water Wells, like dug wells, driven wells pull water from the water-saturated zone above the bedrock. Driven wells can be deeper than dug wells. They are typically 30 to 50 feet deep and are usually located in areas with thick sand and gravel deposits where the ground water table is within 15 feet of the grounds surface. In the proper geologic setting, driven wells can be easy and relatively inexpensive to install. Although deeper than dug wells, driven wells are still relatively shallow and have a moderate-to-high risk of contamination from nearby land activities.
Driven Water Well Construction Features
- Assembled lengths of two inches to three inches diameter metal
pipes are driven into the ground. A screened well point located at the end of the pipe helps drive the pipe through the sand and gravel. The screen allows water to enter the well and filters out sediment.
- The pump for the well is in one of two places: on top of the well
or in the house. An access pit is usually dug around the well down to the frost line and a water dies-charge pipe to the house is joined to the well pipe with a fitting.
- The well and pit are capped with the same kind of large-diameter
concrete tile used for a dug well. The access pit may be cased with
pre-cast concrete.
Homes with a Private Water Well Clarmont New Hampshire Part One, to minimize this risk, the well cover should be a tight-fitting concrete curb and cap with no cracks and should sit about a foot above the ground. Slope the ground away from the well so that surface water will not pond around the well. If threes a pit above the well, either to hold the pump or to access the fitting, you may also be able to pour a grout sealant along the outside of the well pipe. Protecting the water quality requires that you maintain proper well construction and monitor your activities around the well. It is also important to follow the same land use precautions around the driven well as described under dug wells.
Drilled Water Wells penetrate about 100-400 feet into the bedrock. Where you find bedrock at the surface, it is commonly called ledge. To serve as a water supply, a drilled well must intersect bedrock fractures containing ground water.
Drilled Water Well Construction Features
- The casing is usually metal or plastic pipe, six inches in diameter
that extends into the bedrock to prevent shallow ground water from
entering the well. By law, the casing has to extend at least 18 feet into the ground, with at least five feet extending into the bedrock. The casing should also extend a foot or two above the grounds surface. A sealant, such as cement grout or bentonite clay, should be poured along the outside of the casing to the top of the well. The well is capped to prevent surface water from entering the well.
- Submersible pumps, located near the bottom of the well, are most
commonly used in drilled wells. Wells with a shallow water table may feature a jet pump located inside the home. Pumps require special wiring and electrical service. Well pumps should be installed and serviced by a qualified professional registered with your state.
- Most modern drilled wells incorporate a pitiless adapter designed
to provide a sanitary seal at the point where the discharge water line leaves the well to enter your home. The device attaches directly to the casing below the frost line and provides a watertight subsurface connection, protecting the well from frost and contamination.
- Older drilled wells can very will lack some of these sanitary features. The
well pipe used was often light-, 10- or 12- inches in diameter, and
covered with a concrete well cap either at or below the grounds surface. This outmoded type of construction does not provide the same degree of protection from surface contamination. Also, older wells may not have a pitiless adapter to provide a seal at the point of discharge from the well.
Have a good one
Dale in New Hampshire
Link to: Homes with a Private Water Well Claremont New Hampshire Part Two
Localism information by Baker Energy Audits and Commercial Properties Inspections blog post 1,295-24 August 2011 New Hampshire Relocation Information
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Disclaimer: The information herein may come from various sources, some of which may not be reliable and may change without any kind of notice. Dale Baker does not guarantee or is in any way responsible for the accuracy of the information in this blog and the information provided is without any kind of warranties, either express or implied. The information on this blog represents the opinions and ideas of the author; comments left by others may not express the views of the author. Dale Baker Owner: Baker Home Energy Audits and Commercial Properties Inspections. Copyright 2011 By Dale Baker-all rights reserved.
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Blog Post Links with helpful New Hampshire Relocation Information:
Come Discover-Explore and Live in Charlestown New Hampshire The Live Free or Die State
Relocating to New Hampshire Come and Discover Charlestown New Hampshire
Links to my blog post series about some of the Historic Homes, in Charlestown, New Hampshire
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